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Many other Scientologist-run companies and companies come from the umbrella company World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directory sites of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


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Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


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This section needs expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to facilitate the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Scientology. Though it has obtained some credibility as a religion in numerous nations, Scientology has actually likewise been explained as both a cult and a company.


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For instance, it has been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by determining as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of fraud, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, destructive libel against legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" may be perceived as "threatening to developed social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by a company called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and run for the benefit of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 countries by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually go settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had actually at first demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as identified in an internet poll run by the governmental transition team getting public input for the incoming administration.


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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its Your Domain Name published annual International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is treated legally as a company, and not as a religion or charitable company. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on individuals and groups who attempt to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular elements of legal security for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace situated at Saint Hill Manor - Scientology. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Office of Special Affairs or OSA), click here for more info Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later organized and devoted one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever perpetrated by an organization not connected with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The crime devoted by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No person or organization was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive tactics in attending to those it sees as trying to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) initially described by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its creator.


Utilizing blank paper known to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb dangers in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were exposed.

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